Long Island is an expensive place to do business. Just like anywhere else, the success of a biotech startup depends on being able to find funding, and the availability of that funding fluctuates with time. The 1980s were boom years for biotech start ups, because the big success stories like Genentech were on investors’ minds and it seemed that even in a very expensive area like Long Island, the funds were there. “It all boils down to money,” Steve Blose recalls about the logistics of setting up Protein Databases, Inc. in Huntington Station in the 1980s. If there was enough money available, you didn’t need to worry too much about the details of getting labs and office space set up. “If you can come in and hire people that can actually put all that together,” you can focus on “the progress of your science and your product development, the science side, [and] that’s what happened at PDI. There was enough money around, and they hired industrial people to come in and set up the labs, and they had a financial officer who worried about the money. It seemed to be very easy. Those were the days when people threw a lot of money at biotech without a lot of strings on it. It was easy to get money. Now it’s very tough, but back then… it was a frenzy.”  

PDI

Plants need nitrogen to grow, but a significant portion of the nitrogen in fertilizers is not absorbed by the soil or used by the growing plants. Rather, it washes away into waterways, rivers, and the ocean. This in turn has had devastating effects on marine life. In some areas, excessive nitrogen in the oceans has caused algae blooms that kill wildlife, make it dangerous for people to consume fish or shellfish or in some cases even swim in affected waters. This problem isn’t limited to poorer countries. Nitrogen pollution is a serious problem here on Long Island. In our case, the nitrogen comes primarily from septic tanks and cesspools, although nitrogen from agricultural fertilizers also plays a role. Nitrogen pollution in the waters around Long Island has hampered fishing, made it dangerous to eat seafood from some areas, and caused environmental changes that make coastal areas more prone to flooding.