Many scientists come to biotech out of an interest in drug development. But drug development is a long, expensive process that does not always pan out. Jim Hayward, currently CEO of Applied DNA systems, describes one solution to the problem. When he left his position as a scientist at Estée Lauder to found his own company, he had enough funding from the sale of a previous biotech company that he was able to start his new venture, the Collaborative Group, without doing additional fundraising. The experience at Lauder had also taught him a lot about the high profit margins of the personal care industry. He knew that it was potentially a really workable idea for a biotech business to have two sides, a cosmetics side that brings personal care products to market quickly and profitably, and which funds the drug development side that “actually made medicines and developed new discoveries that would benefit people in deeper ways.” The strategy worked pretty well, and Jim brought in outside investors only later on, “because I wanted to acquire a large-scale CGMP manufacturing operation.”

Jim Hayward / Applied DNA Systems

Plants need nitrogen to grow, but a significant portion of the nitrogen in fertilizers is not absorbed by the soil or used by the growing plants. Rather, it washes away into waterways, rivers, and the ocean. This in turn has had devastating effects on marine life. In some areas, excessive nitrogen in the oceans has caused algae blooms that kill wildlife, make it dangerous for people to consume fish or shellfish or in some cases even swim in affected waters. This problem isn’t limited to poorer countries. Nitrogen pollution is a serious problem here on Long Island. In our case, the nitrogen comes primarily from septic tanks and cesspools, although nitrogen from agricultural fertilizers also plays a role. Nitrogen pollution in the waters around Long Island has hampered fishing, made it dangerous to eat seafood from some areas, and caused environmental changes that make coastal areas more prone to flooding.