Collaboration with industry can offer scientists more than money for research or a chance to see their work find concrete application. For postdocs, working at a biotech company can be a way of squaring the circle, of developing connections to industry while maintaining connections to the academic world. At a career stage where pressure is high, jobs are few and pay is often low, keeping as many options open as possible is important. Key to a good experience for postdocs at a biotech company is the right kind of culture. Jim Hayward, who is CEO of Applied DNA Systems and who has longstanding ties to Stony Brook and the university’s Center for Biotechnology and biotech incubator, explains: “I liked the notion of being able to recruit scientists who were open to commercial enterprise, but who wanted to be in an academic environment. We were participants in the seminar programs on campus, and I would let our postdocs attend whatever conferences they wanted and seminars on campus. That duality of environment is still operational today and still influences even now how Applied DNA recruits our staff. I would say about a third of our scientific staff are recent postdocs.”

Jim Hayward / Applied DNA Systems

Plants need nitrogen to grow, but a significant portion of the nitrogen in fertilizers is not absorbed by the soil or used by the growing plants. Rather, it washes away into waterways, rivers, and the ocean. This in turn has had devastating effects on marine life. In some areas, excessive nitrogen in the oceans has caused algae blooms that kill wildlife, make it dangerous for people to consume fish or shellfish or in some cases even swim in affected waters. This problem isn’t limited to poorer countries. Nitrogen pollution is a serious problem here on Long Island. In our case, the nitrogen comes primarily from septic tanks and cesspools, although nitrogen from agricultural fertilizers also plays a role. Nitrogen pollution in the waters around Long Island has hampered fishing, made it dangerous to eat seafood from some areas, and caused environmental changes that make coastal areas more prone to flooding.