Incubating a biotech company on Long Island and making sure that the company remains in the region are separate challenges. Diane Fabel notes the importance of being able to monitor new methods and technologies as they emerge from faculty research and of thinking long before commercialization about who might lead a company based on this or that discovery, and what that company’s needs might be. At many institutions, the tech transfer office will simply look for the best immediate licensing deal, because their mission is to facilitate development of the discovery, not specifically to keep discoveries and associated business ventures local. Additional infrastructure needs to be in place, which costs additional time and money.

Diane Fabel / Stony Brook Center for Biotechnology

Plants need nitrogen to grow, but a significant portion of the nitrogen in fertilizers is not absorbed by the soil or used by the growing plants. Rather, it washes away into waterways, rivers, and the ocean. This in turn has had devastating effects on marine life. In some areas, excessive nitrogen in the oceans has caused algae blooms that kill wildlife, make it dangerous for people to consume fish or shellfish or in some cases even swim in affected waters. This problem isn’t limited to poorer countries. Nitrogen pollution is a serious problem here on Long Island. In our case, the nitrogen comes primarily from septic tanks and cesspools, although nitrogen from agricultural fertilizers also plays a role. Nitrogen pollution in the waters around Long Island has hampered fishing, made it dangerous to eat seafood from some areas, and caused environmental changes that make coastal areas more prone to flooding.