Those interested in furthering Long Island’s biotech industry have faced many challenges over the years. Diane Fabel of the Stony Brook Center for Biotechnology describes some of the bigger ones in the 1990s, both cultural and political: “Biotech was early stage. It was only established in 1976, I think. We were right up there at the front, so there wasn’t a long history. People didn’t know about it. They didn’t understand how long it would take to bring science to a point where it could be commercialized. Political timelines are short, and biotech is long and capital intensive. It’s often been difficult to make the case for why biotech when it doesn’t fit neatly into an election term, so to speak. Where are the jobs? Where’s the capital investment? It’s spread over 30 years. That’s the problem.”

Diane Fabel / Stony Brook Center for Biotechnology

Plants need nitrogen to grow, but a significant portion of the nitrogen in fertilizers is not absorbed by the soil or used by the growing plants. Rather, it washes away into waterways, rivers, and the ocean. This in turn has had devastating effects on marine life. In some areas, excessive nitrogen in the oceans has caused algae blooms that kill wildlife, make it dangerous for people to consume fish or shellfish or in some cases even swim in affected waters. This problem isn’t limited to poorer countries. Nitrogen pollution is a serious problem here on Long Island. In our case, the nitrogen comes primarily from septic tanks and cesspools, although nitrogen from agricultural fertilizers also plays a role. Nitrogen pollution in the waters around Long Island has hampered fishing, made it dangerous to eat seafood from some areas, and caused environmental changes that make coastal areas more prone to flooding.