Many biologists who ended up involved in biotechnology considered medicine as a potential career. Future researchers decide against going to medical school for all kinds of reasons.  For Jerry Yin, formerly affiliated with CSHL and Helicon Therapeutics, the decision was based on the difference in professional culture between the med-school crowd and students interested in going into basic science. “It’s a different world.” More than that, he noticed that people who ended up being good at basic research tended to have a knack for generating testable hypotheses related to a problem, “whereas medical school people are more interested in therapeutic solutions.” Medical doctors are focused on finding the tools to solve a problem, and people in basic science are more interested in a deep understanding of how and why the tools work. (It goes without saying that both types are necessary for biomedical science to function well.)

Helicon

Plants need nitrogen to grow, but a significant portion of the nitrogen in fertilizers is not absorbed by the soil or used by the growing plants. Rather, it washes away into waterways, rivers, and the ocean. This in turn has had devastating effects on marine life. In some areas, excessive nitrogen in the oceans has caused algae blooms that kill wildlife, make it dangerous for people to consume fish or shellfish or in some cases even swim in affected waters. This problem isn’t limited to poorer countries. Nitrogen pollution is a serious problem here on Long Island. In our case, the nitrogen comes primarily from septic tanks and cesspools, although nitrogen from agricultural fertilizers also plays a role. Nitrogen pollution in the waters around Long Island has hampered fishing, made it dangerous to eat seafood from some areas, and caused environmental changes that make coastal areas more prone to flooding.